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overview the LC72136 and LC72136m are pll frequency synthesizers for use in radio/cassette players. they allow high-performance am/fm tuners to be implemented easily. features high-speed programmable frequency divider fmin: 10 to 160 mhz.....pulse swallower (divide-by-two prescaler built in) amin: 2 to 40 mhz.........pulse swallower 0.5 to 10 mhz......direct division if counter ifin: 0.4 to 12 mhz................for use as an am/fm if counter reference frequency selectable from one of eight frequencies (crystal oscillator: 75 khz) 1, 3, 5, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 15, and 25 khz phase comparator supports dead zone control built-in unlock detection circuit built-in deadlock clear circuit built-in mos transistor for forming an active low-pass filter i/o ports dedicated output ports: 6 i/o ports: 2 supports clock time base output serial data i/o supports ccb format communication with the system controller. operating ranges supply voltage: 4.5 to 5.5 v operating temperature: ?0 to +70? packages ?ip22s/mfp24s package dimensions unit: mm 3059-dip22s sanyo: dip22s [LC72136] ccb is a trademark of sanyo electric co., ltd. ccb is sanyo? original bus format and all the bus addresses are controlled by sanyo. unit: mm 3112-mfp24s sanyo: mfp24s [LC72136m] ordering number : en5038 pll frequency synthesizer for electronic tuning LC72136, 72136m cmos lsi sanyo electric co.,ltd. semiconductor bussiness headquarters tokyo office tokyo bldg., 1-10, 1 chome, ueno, taito-ku, tokyo, 110-8534 japan o3195ha (ot) no. 5038-1/23
pin assignments no. 5038- 2 /23 LC72136, 72136m
block diagram specifications absolute maximum ratings at ta = 25 c, v ss = 0 v no. 5038- 3 /23 LC72136, 72136m parameter symbol conditions ratings unit maximum supply voltage v dd max v dd ?.3 to +7.0 v v in 1 max ce, cl, di, ain ?.3 to +7.0 v maximum input voltage v in 2 max xin, fmin, amin, ifin ?.3 to v dd + 0.3 v v in 3 max io1, io2 ?.3 to +15 v v o 1 max do ?.3 to +7.0 v maximum output voltage v o 2 max xout, pd ?.3 to v dd + 0.3 v v o 3 max bo1 to bo5, bof, io1, io2, aout ?.3 to +15 v i o 1 max bo1 0 to 3.0 ma maximum output current i o 2 max aout, do 0 to 6.0 ma i o 3 max bo2 to bo5, bof, io1, io2 0 to 10.0 ma allowable power dissipation pd max ta 70 c: LC72136 (dip22s) 350 mw ta 70 c: LC72136m (mfp24s) 200 mw operating temperature topr ?0 to +70 c storage temperature tstg ?0 to +125 c
allowable operating ranges at ta = ?0 to +70 c, v ss = 0 v note: * crystal oscillator recommended ci value ci 35 k (for a 75 khz crystal) the circuit constants for the crystal oscillator circuit depend on the crystal used, the printed circuit board pattern, and oth er items. therefore we recommend consulting with the manufacturer of the crystal for evaluation and reliability. the extremely high input impedance of the xin pins means that applications must take the possibility of leakage into account. sample oscillator circuits 1. seiko-epson c-2-75khz (c l = 11 pf) 2. kyocera corporation kf-38r5-09p0300 (c l = 9 pf) no. 5038- 4 /23 LC72136, 72136m parameter symbol conditions min typ max unit supply voltage v dd v dd 4.5 5.5 v input high-level voltage v ih 1 ce, cl, di 0.7 v dd 6.5 v v ih 2 io1, io2 0.7 v dd 13 v input low-level voltage v il ce, cl, di, io1, io2 0 0.3 v dd v output voltage v o 1 do 0 6.5 v v o 2 bo1 to bo5, bof, io1, io2, aout 0 13 v f in 1 xin: v in 1 75 khz f in 2 fmin: v in 2 10 160 mhz input frequency f in 3 amin: v in 3, sns = 1 2 40 mhz f in 4 amin: v in 4, sns = 0 0.5 10 mhz f in 5 ifin: v in 5 0.4 12 mhz v in 1 xin: f in 1 400 1500 mvrms v in 2-1 fmin: f = 10 to 130 mhz 40 1500 mvrms v in 2-2 fmin: f = 130 to 160 mhz 70 1500 mvrms input amplitude v in 3 amin: f in 3, sns = 1 40 1500 mvrms v in 4 amin: f in 4, sns = 0 40 1500 mvrms v in 5-1 ifin: f in 5, ifs = 1 40 1500 mvrms v in 5-2 ifin: f in 6, ifs = 0 70 1500 mvrms guaranteed crystal xtal xin, xout * 75 khz oscillator frequency
electrical characteristics at ta = ?0 to +70 c, v ss = 0 v no. 5038- 5 /23 LC72136, 72136m parameter symbol conditions min typ max unit rf1 xin 8.0 m internal feedback resistors rf2 fmin 500 k rf3 amin 500 k rf4 ifin 250 k internal pull-down resistors rpd1 fmin 200 k rpd2 amin 200 k internal output resistor rd xout 250 k hysteresis v his ce, cl, di, io1, io2 0.1 v dd v output high-level voltage v oh 1 pd: i o = ? ma v dd ?1.0 v v ol 1 pd: i o = 1 ma 1.0 v v ol 2 bo1: i o = 0.5 ma 0.5 v bo1: i o = 1 ma 1.0 v v ol 3 do: i o = 1 ma 0.2 v output low-level voltage do: i o = 5 ma 1.0 v bo2 to bo5, bof, io1, io2: i o = 1 ma 0.2 v v ol 4 bo2 to bo5, bof, io1, io2: i o = 5 ma 1.0 v bo2 to bo5, bof, io1, io2: i o = 8 ma 1.6 v v ol 5 aout: i o = 1 ma, ain = 1.3 v 0.5 v i ih 1 ce, cl, di: v i = 6.5 v 5.0 a i ih 2 io1, io2: v i = 13 v 5.0 a input high-level voltage i ih 3 xin: v i = v dd 0.3 0.6 1.4 a i ih 4 fmin, amin: v i = v dd 4.0 22 a i ih 5 ifin: v i = v dd 8.0 44 a i ih 6 ain: v i = 6.5 v 200 na i il 1 ce, cl, di: v i = 0 v 5.0 a i il 2 io1, io2: v i = 0 v 5.0 a input low-level current i il 3 xin: v i = 0 v 0.3 0.6 1.4 a i il 4 fmin, amin: v i = 0 v 4.0 22 a i il 5 ifin: v i = 0 v 8.0 44 a i il 6 ain: v i = 0 v 200 na output off leakage current i off 1 bo1 to bo5, bof, aout, io1, io2: v o = 13 v 5.0 a i off 2 do: v o = 6.5 v 5.0 a high-level tree-state off i offh pd: v o = v dd 0.01 200 na leakage current low-level tree-state off i offl pd: v o = 0 v 0.01 200 na leakage current input capacitance c in fmin 6 pf i dd 1 v dd : xtal = 75 khz, f in 2 = 130 mhz, v in 2 = 40 mvrms 5 10 ma current drain i dd 2 v dd : pll block stopped (pll inhibit), 0.1 ma xtal oscillator operating (xtal = 75 khz) i dd 3 v dd : pll block stopped, xtal oscillator stopped 10 a
pin functions no. 5038- 6 /23 LC72136, 72136m pin no. symbol (mfp pin numbers type functions circuit configuration are in parentheses.) 1 (1) 22 (24) 16 (17) 15 (16) 3 (4) 5 (6) 4 (5) 6 (7) 17 (18) 21 (22) xin xout fmin amin ce cl di do v dd v ss xtal local oscillator signal input local oscillator signal input chip enable clock input data output data power supply ground crystal oscillator connections (75 khz) the extremely high input impedance of the xin pins means that applications must take the possibility of leakage into account. fmin is selected when the serial data input dvs bit is set to 1. the input frequency range is from 10 to 160 mhz. the input signal passes through the internal divide-by- two prescaler and is input to the swallow counter. the divisor can be in the range 272 to 65535. however, since the signal has passed through the divide-by-two prescaler, the actual divisor is twice the set value. amin is selected when the serial data input dvs bit is set to 0. when the serial data input sns bit is set to 1: the input frequency range is 2 to 40 mhz. the signal is directly input to the swallow counter. the divisor can be in the range 272 to 65535, and the divisor used will be the value set. when the serial data input sns bit is set to 0: the input frequency range is 0.5 to 10 mhz. the signal is directly input to a 12-bit programmable divider. the divisor can be in the range 4 to 4095, and the divisor used will be the value set. set this pin high when inputting (di) or outputting (do) serial data. used as the synchronization clock when inputting (di) or outputting (do) serial data. inputs serial data transferred from the controller to the LC72136. outputs serial data transferred from the LC72136 to the controller. the data output is determined by the doc0 to doc2 bits in the serial data. the LC72136 power supply pin. (v dd = 4.5 to 5.5 v) the power on reset circuit operates when power is first applied. the LC72136 ground continued on next page.
continued from preceding page. no. 5038- 7 /23 LC72136, 72136m pin no. symbol (mfp pin numbers type functions circuit configuration are in parentheses.) 7 (8) 8 (9) 9 (10) 10 (11) 14 (15) 2 (3) 11 (12) 13 (14) 18 (19) 19 (20) 20 (21) 12 (13) bo1 bo2 bo3 bo4 bo5 bof io1 io2 pd ain aout ifin output ports input or output ports charge pump output lpf amplifier transistor connections if counter dedicated outputs the output states are determined by the bo1 to bo5 bits in the serial data. data: 0 = open, 1= low a time base signal (8 hz) can be output from the bo1 pin. (when the serial data tbc bit is set to 1.) care is required when using the bo1 pin, since it has a higher on impedance that the other output ports (pins bo2 to bo5). the output state of the bof pin is determined by the serial data dvs bit. thus this pin can be used as an fm band selection switch. (note that it should not be used as an am band selection switch since it is susceptible to noise from the crystal oscillator.) dvs data: 0 = open, 1 = low all output ports are set to the open state following a power on reset. i/o dual-use pins the direction (input or output) is determined by bits ioc1 and ioc2 in the serial data. data: 0 = input port, 1 = output port when specified for use as input ports: the state of the input pin is transmitted to the controller over the do pin. input state: low = 0 data value high = 1 data value when specified for use as output ports: the output states are determined by the io1 and io2 bits in the serial data. data: 0 = open, 1 = low these pins function as input pins following a power on reset. pll charge pump output when the frequency generated by dividing the local oscillator signal frequency by n is higher than the reference frequency, a high level is output from the pd pin. similarly, when that frequency is lower, a low level is output. the pd pin goes to the high-impedance state when the frequencies match. the n-channel mos transistor used for the pll active low-pass filter. accepts an input in the frequency range 0.4 to 12 mhz. the input signal is directly transmitted to the if counter. the result is output starting the msb of the if counter using the do pin. four measurement periods are supported: 4, 8, 32, and 64 ms.
serial data i/o procedures the LC72136 inputs and outputs data using the sanyo ccb (computer control bus) audio lsi serial bus format. this lsi adopts an 8-bit address format ccb. no. 5038- 8 /23 LC72136, 72136m i/o mode address function b0 b1 b2 b3 a0 a1 a2 a3 1 2 3 in1 (82) in2 (92) out (a2) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 control data input mode (serial data input) 24 data bits are input. see the ?i control data (serial data input) structure item for details on the meaning of the input data. control data input mode (serial data input) 24 data bits are input. see the ?i control data (serial data input) structure item for details on the meaning of the input data. data output mode (serial data output) the number of bits output is equal to the number of clock cycles. see the ?o output data (serial data output) structure item for details on the meaning of the output data.
di control data (serial data input) structure 1. in1 mode 2. in2 mode no. 5038- 9 /23 LC72136, 72136m
di control data functions no. 5038- 10 /23 LC72136, 72136m no. control block/data description related data programmable divider data data that sets the programmable divider p0 to p15 a binary value in which p15 is the msb. the lsb changes depending on dvs and sns. note: p0 to p3 are ignored when p4 is the lsb. dvs, sns selects the signal input pin (amin or fmin) for the programmable divider, switches the frequency range, and determines the bof pin output state. ( * : don? care.) note: see the ?rogrammable divider?item for details. reference divider data reference frequency (fref) selection data r0 to r3 note: pll inhibit the programmable divider and if counter blocks are stopped, the fmin, amin, and ifin pins go to the pulled-down state, and the charge pump output pin goes to the high-impedance state. xs oscillator margin selection data xs = 0: ?eduction mode?the oscillator margin is reduced and the crystal radiation is reduced. xs = 1: normal mode. normal mode is selected following a power-on reset. if counter control data if counter measurement start specification cte cte = 1: counter start cte = 0: counter reset gt0, gt1 if counter measurement time determination note: see the ?f counter structure?item for details. i/o port specification data data that specifies input or output for the i/o dual-use pins ioc1, ioc2 data: 0 = input mode, 1 = output mode output port data bo1 to bo5, io1, and io2 output state data bo1 to bo5, io1, io2 data: 0 = open, 1 = low ?ata = 0: open?is selected following a power-on reset. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ifs ioc1 ioc2 dvs sns lsb divisor setting (n) actual divisor 1 * p0 272 to 65535 twice the value of the setting 0 1 p0 272 to 65535 the value of the setting 0 0 p4 4 to 4095 the value of the setting dvs sns input pin input frequency range bof pin 1 * fmin 10 to 160 mhz low 0 1 amin 2 to 40 mhz open 0 0 amin 0.5 to 10 mhz open gt1 gt0 measurement time (ms) wait time (ms) 0 0 4 3 to 4 0 1 8 3 to 4 1 0 32 7 to 8 1 1 64 7 to 8 r3 r2 r1 r0 reference frequency (khz) 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 1 25 0 0 1 0 25 0 0 1 1 25 0 1 0 0 12.5 0 1 0 1 6.25 0 1 1 0 3.125 0 1 1 1 3.125 1 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 1 5 1 0 1 0 5 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 3 1 1 0 1 15 1 1 1 0 pll inhibit + xtal osc stop 1 1 1 1 pll inhibit continued on next page.
continued from preceding page. no. 5038- 11 /23 LC72136, 72136m no. control block/data description related data do pin control data data that determines do pin output doc0, doc1, doc2 the open state is selected following a power-on reset. note: 1. end-uc: if counter measurement completion check when end-uc is set and an if count is started (cte = 0 ? 1), the do pin automatically goes to the open state. when the if count measurement completes, the do pin goes low and the count completion check operation is enabled. a the do pin goes to the open state due to serial data i/o (ce: high). 2. goes to the open state if the io pin itself is set to be an output port. caution: the do pin always goes to the open state during the data input period (during the period when ce is high in mode in1 or in2), regardless of the values of the do pin control data (doc0 to doc2). also, the do pin outputs the content of the internal do serial data in synchronization with the cl pin signal during the data output period (during the period when ce is high in the out mode) regardless of the values of the do pin control data (doc0 to doc2). unlock detection data selects the phase error (?) detection range for pll lock discrimination. ul0, ul1 when a phase error greater than the specified range occurs, the LC72136 determines that the pll is unlocked. ( * : don? care.) note: when unlocked, the do pin goes low and the serial data output ul bit is 0. phase comparator phase comparator dead zone control data control data dz0, dz1 dead zone width: dza < dzb < dzc < dzd clock time base an 8 hz 40% duty clock time base signal can be output from bo1 by setting tbc to 1. tbc (the bo1 data will be ignored.) charge pump control data data that forcibly controls the charge pump output dlc note: the LC72136 provides a technique for escaping from deadlock by setting vtune to v cc (deadlock clearing circuit). this is used when the circuit is deadlocked due to the vco oscillator being stopped by the vco control voltage (vtune) being 0 v. this function goes to the forced low state (dlc = 1) following a power on reset. the crystal oscillator circuit must be operating normally before this data is changed to return to the normal operating (dlc = 0) state. (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) ul0, ul1, cte, ioc1, ioc2 doc0, doc1, doc2 bo1 doc2 doc1 doc0 do pin state 0 0 0 open 0 0 1 low when the unlock state is detected 0 1 0 end-uc * 1 0 1 1 open 1 0 0 open 1 0 1 the io1 pin state * 2 1 1 0 the io2 pin state * 2 1 1 1 open ul1 ul0 ? detection width detector output 0 0 stopped open 0 1 0 ? is output directly 1 * 6.67 s ? is extended by 1 to 2 ms dz1 dz0 dead zone mode 0 0 dza 0 1 dzb 1 0 dzc 1 1 dzd dlc charge pump output 0 normal operation 1 forced low continued on next page.
continued from preceding page. do output data (serial data output) structure 3. out mode do output data no. 5038- 12 /23 LC72136, 72136m no. control block/data description related data if counter control data this data should be set to 1 in normal operation. setting this data to 0 switches (11) ifs the LC72136 to a reduced input sensitivity mode in which the sensitivity is reduced by 10 to 30 mvrms. * see the ?f counter operation?item for details. lsi test data lsi test data test 0 to 3 test0 (12) test1 all three bits must be set to 0. test2 all the test data is set to 0 following a power-on reset. no. control block/data description related data i/o port data data latched from the states of the i/o ports, pins io1 and io2. i2, i1 (this data reflects the pin states, regardless of whether they are in input or output mode.) i1 ? io1 pin state high: 1 i2 ? io2 pin state low: 0 pll unlock data data latched from the state of the unlock detection circuit ul ul ? 0: unlocked ul ? 1: locked or in detection stopped mode if counter binary data data latched from the state of the if counter, which is a 20-bit binary counter. c19 to c0 c19 ? binary counter msb c0 ? binary counter lsb (1) (2) (3) ioc1, ioc2 ul0, ul1 cte, gt0, gt1
serial data input (in1/in2) t su , t hd , t el , t es , t eh , 3 0.75 s t lc < 0.75 s 1. cl: normal high 2. cl: normal low serial data output (out) t su , t hd , t el , t es , t eh , 3 0.75 s t dc , t dh < 0.35 s 1. cl: normal high 2. cl: normal low note: since the do pin is an n-channel open drain circuit, the times for the data to change (t dc and t dh ) will differ depending on the value of the pull-up resistor, printed circuit board capacitance. no. 5038- 13 /23 LC72136, 72136m
serial data timing cl stopped at the low level cl stopped at the high level no. 5038- 14 /23 LC72136, 72136m parameter symbol pins conditions min typ max unit data setup time t su di, cl 0.75 s data hold time t hd di, cl 0.75 s clock low-level time t cl cl 0.75 s clock high-level time t ch cl 0.75 s ce wait time t el ce, cl 0.75 s ce setup time t es ce, cl 0.75 s ce hold time t eh ce, cl 0.75 s data latch change time t lc 0.75 s data output time t dc do, cl these times depend on the pull-up resistance 0.35 s t dh do, ce and the printed circuit board capacitances. 0.35 s
programmable divider structure note: * don? care. sample programmable divider divisor calculations 1. for a 50 khz fm step size (dvs = 1, sns = *: fmin selected) fm rf = 90.0 mhz (if = +10.7 mhz) fm vco = 100.7 mhz pll fref = 25 khz (r0 to r1 = 1, r2 to r3 = 0) 100.7 mhz (fm vco) ? 25 khz (fref) ? 2 (fmin: divide-by-two prescaler) = 2014 ? 07de (hex) 2. for a 5 khz sw step size (dvs = 0, sns = 1: amin high-speed side selected) sw rf = 21.75 mhz (if = +450 khz) sw vco = 22.20 mhz pll fref = 5 khz (r0 = r2 = 0, r1 = r3 = 1) 22.2 mhz (sw vco) ? 5 khz (fref) = 4440 ? 1158 (hex) 3. for a 9 khz mw step size (dvs = 0, sns = 0: amin low-speed side selected) mw rf = 1008 khz (if = +450 khz) mw vco = 1458 khz pll fref = 3 khz (r0 to r1 = 0, r2 to r3 = 1): using a 3 khz reference frequency 1458 khz (mw vco) ? 3 khz (fref) = 486 ? 1e6 (hex) no. 5038- 15 /23 LC72136, 72136m dvs sns input pin set divisor actual divisor: n input frequency range (mhz) a 1 * fmin 272 to 65535 twice the set value 10 to 160 b 0 1 amin 272 to 65535 the set value 2 to 40 c 0 0 amin 4 to 4095 the set value 0.5 to 10
if counter structure the LC72136 if counter is a 20-bit binary counter. the result of the count can be read out serially, msb first, from the do pin. if frequency (fc) measurement consists of determining how many pulses enter the if counter in a specified measurement time (gt). fc = (c = fc gt) c: count value (number of pulses) sample if counter frequency calculations 1. for a measurement time (gt) of 32 ms and a count value (c) of 53980 (hexadecimal), which is 342,400 (decimal) if frequency (fc) = 342,400 32 ms = 10.7 mhz 2. for a measurement time (gt) of 8 ms and a count value (c) of e10 (hexadecimal), which is 3600 (decimal) if frequency (fc) = 3600 8 ms = 450 khz c gt no. 5038- 16 /23 LC72136, 72136m gt1 gt0 measurement time measurement period (gt) (ms) wait time (t wu ) (ms) 0 0 4 3 to 4 0 1 8 3 to 4 1 0 32 7 to 8 1 1 64 7 to 8
if counter operation before starting the if count, the if counter must be reset in advance by setting cte in the serial data to 0. the if count is started by changing the cte bit in the serial data from 0 to 1. the serial data is latched by the LC72136 when the ce pin is dropped from high to low. the if signal must be supplied to the ifin pin in the period between the point the ce pin goes low and the end of the wait time at the latest. next, the value of the if count at the end of the measurement period must be read out during the period cte is 1. this is because the if counter is reset when cte is set to 0. note: when operating the if counter, the control microprocessor must first check the state of the if-ic sd (station detect) signal and only after determining that the sd signal is present turn on if buffer output and execute an if count operation. auto-search techniques that use only the if counter are not recommended, since it is possible for if buffer leakage output to cause incorrect stops at points where there is no station. ifin minimum sensitivity ratings f (mhz) note: values in parentheses are actual performance values presented as reference data. unlock detection timing 1. unlock detection determination timing unlock detection is performed in the reference frequency (fref) period (interval). therefore, in principle, unlock determination requires a time longer than the period of the reference frequency. however, immediately after changing the divisor n (frequency) unlock detection must be performed after waiting at least two periods of the reference frequency. no. 5038- 17 /23 LC72136, 72136m ifs 0.4 f < 0.5 0.5 f < 8 8 f 12 1: normal mode 40 mvrms 40 mvrms 40 mvrms (0.1 to 3 mvrms) (1 to 10 mvrms) 0: degradation mode 70 mvrms 70 mvrms 70 mvrms (10 to 15 mvrms) (30 to 40 mvrms)
figure 1 unlock detection timing for example, if fref is 1 khz (and thus the period is 1 ms), after changing the divisor n, the system must wait at least 2 ms before checking for the unlocked state. figure 2 circuit structure no. 5038- 18 /23 LC72136, 72136m
2. unlock detection software figure 3 3. when outputting unlock data using serial data output: once the LC72136 detects an unlocked state, it does not reset the unlock data (ul) until the next data output (or data input) operation is performed. at the data output point in figure 3, although the vco frequency is stable (locked), the unlock data remains set to the unlocked state since no data output has been performed since the value of n was changed. thus, even though the frequency became stable (locked), from the point of view of the data, the circuit is in the unlocked state. therefore, the data output immediately following a change to the value of n should be seen as a dummy data, and the data from the second data output (data output ) and later outputs should be seen as valid data. lock determination flowchart no. 5038- 19 /23 LC72136, 72136m
when directly outputting data from the do pin (set up by the do pin control data) since the do pin outputs the unlocked state (locked: high, unlocked: low) the timing considerations in the technique described in the previous section are not necessary. after changing the value of n, the locked state can be determined after waiting at least two periods of the reference frequency. notes on clock time base usage when the clock time base output is used, the value of the pull-up resistor for the output pin (bo1) must be at least 100 k . this is to avoid degradation of the vco c/n characteristics when using the built-in low-pass filter transistor to form the loop filter. since the clock time base output pin and the low-pass filter transistor ground are the same node in the ic, the time base output pin current fluctuations must be suppressed to limit the influence on the low-pass filter. we recommend the use of a schmitt input on the receiving controller (microprocessor) to prevent chattering. other items 1. notes on the phase comparator dead zone since correction pulses are output from the charge pump even if the pll is locked when the charge pump is in the on/on state, the loop can easily become unstable. this point requires special care when designing application circuits. the following problems may occur in the on/on state. side band generation due to reference frequency leakage side band generation due to both the correction pulse envelope and low frequency leakage no. 5038- 20 /23 LC72136, 72136m dz1 dz0 dead-zone mode charge pump dead zone 0 0 dza on/on ?? sec 0 1 dzb on/on ? sec 1 0 dzc off/off +0 sec 1 1 dzd off/off + +0 sec
schemes in which a dead zone is present (off/off) have good loop stability, but have the problem that acquiring a high c/n ratio can be difficult. on the other hand, although it is easy to acquire a high c/n ratio with schemes in which there is no dead zone, it is difficult to achieve high loop stability. therefore, it can be effective to select dza or dzb, which have no dead zone, in applications which require an fm s/r ratio in excess of 90 to 100 db, or in which an increased am stereo pilot margin is desired. on the other hand, we recommend selecting dzc or dzd, which provide a dead zone, for applications which do not require such a high fm signal-to-noise ratio and in which either am stereo is not used or an adequate am stereo pilot margin can be achieved. dead zone the phase comparator compares fp to a reference frequency (fr) as shown in figure 4. although the characteristics of this circuit (see figure 5) are such that the output voltage is proportional to the phase difference ?(line a), a region (the dead zone) in which it is not possible to compare small phase differences occurs in actual ics due to internal circuit delays and other factors (line b). a dead zone as small as possible is desirable for products that must provide a high s/n ratio. however, since a larger dead zone makes this circuit easier to use, a larger dead zone is appropriate for popularly- priced products. this is because it is possible for rf signals to leak from the mixer to the vco and modulate the vco in popularly-priced products in the presence of strong rf inputs. when the dead zone is narrow, the circuit outputs correction pulses and this output can further modulate the vco and generate beat frequencies with the rf signal. figure 4 figure 5 2. notes on the fmin, amin, and ifin pins coupling capacitors must be placed as close as possible to their respective pin. a capacitance of about 100 pf is desirable. in particular, if a capacitance of 1000 pf or over is used for the if pin, the time to reach the bias level will increase and incorrect counting may occur due to the relationship with the wait time. 3. notes on if counting ? sd must be used in conjunction with the if counting time when using if counting, always implement if counting by having the microprocessor determine the presence of the if-ic sd (station detect) signal and turn on the if counter buffer only if the sd signal is present. schemes in which auto-searches are performed with only if counting are not recommended, since they can stop at points where there is no signal due to leakage output from the if counter buffer. no. 5038- 21 /23 LC72136, 72136m
4. do pin usage techniques in addition to data output mode times, the do pin can also be used to check for if counter count completion and for unlock detection output. also, an input pin state can be output unchanged through the do pin and input to the controller. 5. power supply pins a capacitor of at least 2000 pf must be inserted between the power supply v dd and v ss pins for noise exclusion. this capacitor must be placed as close as possible to the v dd and v ss pins. pin states following a power-on reset no. 5038- 22 /23 LC72136, 72136m
ps no. 5038- 23 /23 LC72136, 72136m sample application system (using the dip22s package) this catalog provides information as of october, 1995. specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice. n no products described or contained herein are intended for use in surgical implants, life-support systems, aerospace equipment, nuclear power control systems, vehicles, disaster/crime-prevention equipment and the like, the failure of which may directly or indirectly cause injury, death or property loss. n anyone purchasing any products described or contained herein for an above-mentioned use shall: accept full responsibility and indemnify and defend sanyo electric co., ltd., its affiliates, subsidiaries and distributors and all their officers and employees, jointly and severally, against any and all claims and litigation and all damages, cost and expenses associated with such use: not impose any responsibility for any fault or negligence which may be cited in any such claim or litigation on sanyo electric co., ltd., its affiliates, subsidiaries and distributors or any of their officers and employees jointly or severally. n information (including circuit diagrams and circuit parameters) herein is for example only; it is not guaranteed for volume production. sanyo believes information herein is accurate and reliable, but no guarantees are made or implied regarding its use or any infringements of intellectual property rights or other rights of third parties.

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